Diabetes Mellitus Type 2-An Overview

Diabetes mellitus is an unrelieved disease which requires long-term medical awareness and treatment to manage the disease and to limit the growth of its destructive complications and to manage when it occurs. The diabetes mellitus type 2 is a part of this disease. Sometimes this disease affects people who are older than forty years, but it is seen that mostly the younger people get affected with it. The root cause of this disease is the growing rate of inactivity and obesity in children.  The diabetes mellitus type 2 occurs because of an insulin-secretion defect. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus type 2 is basically equal in men and women in every population.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 has been proven to be the root cause of blindness in adults aged between 20 to 74 years. Among patients who are suffering with diabetes mellitus type 2, around 25% people have retinopathy; 8%, nephropathy, and 9%, neuropathy at the time of check up.Around 90% patients, who have developed diabetes mellitus type 2, are obese. So, the patients of this disease may not require treatment with insulin or any oral ant diabetic if they start losing weight. Majority of the patients who are suffering with diabetes mellitus type 2 are asymptomatic, and the disease in their body remains undiagnosed for many years. Studies have revealed that the typical patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 have had this disease for no less than four to seven years before it is detected. Pre-diabetes often comes first over diabetes mellitus type 2. Pre-diabetes is described by the fasting level of glucose in the blood. Patients who are suffering with pre-diabetes have an enhanced risk for having diabetes mellitus of type 2.

Besides, it is also the leading cause of "end-stage renal disease" (ESRD) and "nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation".

Diabetes mellitus type 2is more common among the Native Americans, Hispanics, Asians/Pacific Islanders, African Americans, and in non-Hispanic whites.

 The symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 are:

• The normal glucose tolerance changes into abnormal glucose tolerance
• The beta cell production ability of the insulin decreases
• The hyperglycemia rate develops in the body as an inhibition of the hepatic gluconeogenesis declines.
• The incapability of body to secrete endogenous insulin.

The checkups needed for diagnosing diabetes mellitus type 2:

A "diabetes-focused examination" is essential to diagnose diabetes mellitus type 2. This examination process includes-fundoscopic examination, vital signs, limited neurologic and vascular examination, and a foot assessment. Other organs of the patient need to be checked as indicated by the clinical situation of the patient.